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Anarchism in Bergonia |
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How Anarchists help make Bergonian democracy work:
"Socialists stand at the revolution's head,
but at the revolution's heart you'll find the anarchists." --Umac
Dherein
Nevertheless Bergonia
does benefit from a vigorous anarchist movement that enjoys
credibility, exerts influence in public debate, and remains vigorous 70
years after the Revolution. "Anarchy" is not
a dirty word in this country; and certainly not synonymous with
chaos or disorder. Rather "anarchism" gives expression to the ultimate ideal of the end of
unjust, nonconsensual authority, as in Marx's poorly-conceived notion of
the post-revolutionary "withering away of the state." But it is more
than just the demise of the state (what exactly is the "state" anyway?)
that any Bergonian idealist wants, but rather the
withering away of all non-consensual authority in all spheres of life. This will occur when (a) people limit their own behavior because of
their internal ethical sensitivity, internal discipline & honorable
character, not because of the strictures of dogma and the scourge of
law, (b) money is supplanted by free exchange and systemized sharing,
and (c) creative desire is unchained from guilt and social
expectations.
Public Demonstrations and Disorder The right to air grievances against the government in Bergonia does not
require a parade permit, although they are encouraged. The
constitution specifically allows the right to demonstrate, even to revolt,
and neither "public order" nor "property rights" trump this right.
Thus Bergonian anarchists dare to smash
windows rather routinely, providing they are the windows of government
buildings. This continues a proud Bergonian tradition of street
demonstrations and street violence. The police do not (often) fight them. In fact the anarchists and
the police have curiously evolved a cooperative set of scripts that border
on ritual. Usually it begins with the anarchists parading through
the streets toward the building housing the particular government agency,
with the goal of invading the agency's offices and creating a ruckus.
The first stage of the game hinges on whether the police get between the
demonstrators and the targeted building. If they do, then the two
sides will either fight in the street or make a game of besieging the
building. Whenever they fight in the street they are usually running
street battles with plenty of rock-throwing. The two sides will at
least once confront each other in the middle of the streets swinging
clubs. Sometimes the police throw tear gas, but they know that this
infuriates the public and the anarchist consider it a victory if they can
goad the police into doing this. Sooner or later it is
expected for the anarchists to run away, and the longer they resist the
more serious the police will abuse them. If the police don't arrive in time, the anarchists, armed with bats and
bullhorns, invade the building. Then a ritual confrontation begins
between the anarchists and the government workers. Of course nearly
all work ceases, except it is understood that the demonstrators will not
(or at least try not to) bother any worker actively helping a citizen.
The police soon arrive and monitor the situation, protect against serious
damage to the building (furniture and pane glass are fair game), and
mediate between the building's occupants and the demonstrators. If
the police come walking through a room the protesters usually let them
pass and chat with them, providing the police don't try to eject them.
The police will bust up fights between rival demonstrators, since
sometimes two or more anarchist or radical groups will combine to wreck
such havoc. Soon the press arrives, and they tromp around the
offices getting quotes, taking pictures, and helping to keep things
stirred up. At some point, usually right off the bat or at the
climax, the anarchists provoke the police so that the police arrest a few
people, as if demonstrators are sacrificing themselves to the police in
order to vindicate the group's militant image. The government workers protect the files and the computers, while the
demonstrators loudly state their grievances in a confrontation with the
ranking bureaucrats. Given the Bergonian near-instinctive regard for
the written word, the demonstrators will nearly always refrain from
tampering with the records and archives, event after they have perused
them. There is a general sense in this society that only people with
something to hide want to hide anything, that everyone else would want
records maintained. It is easier to accurately assign blame with
records than without. It is easier to obtain convictions in criminal
court with records than without. The cops will defend shops and stores from the very rare outburst of
hooliganism and looting, and it is generally given that looters will get
beaten. Under such circumstances, no one is concerned about the
demonstrators' rights. In Europe and North America anarchists can
justify smashing up MacDonalds and Starbucks as assaults on the
manifestations of capitalist dominance. But in Bergonia there are no
MacDonalds or Starbucks, and the shops belong to the workers or the small
proprietors which Berg Socialism encourages. Anarchists are not the only ones in Bergonia who resort to forceful
demonstrations, but they do account for perhaps 80% of of the building
takeovers and violent street fights, with radical environmentalists
accountable for the remainder. Bergonia sees much more violent
outbursts than the US or Europe. Bergonia is not as bad as South
Korea in the intensity of the violence (South Korean student demonstrators
typically throw firebombs), but no country has the number of
incidents as Bergonia-- typically over a hundred a year. Anarchist contributions to social science Bergonian anarchists do a lot of "futurist" thinking, which is thinking
about the future evolution of applied libertarian socialist democracy.
Many Berg socialists and anarchists have ideas similar to the Marxist idea of additional
stages of social development after the revolutionary end of capitalism.
Marx hazily predicted that a socialist dictatorship of the proletariat
would prevail after the revolution, and that later society would move to
complete "communism." Bergonian socialists also expect further
democratization of society after the present post-revolutionary stage. The process of democratization should result in an
increase of "direct democracy," further devolution of authority, further
limitation of "bossism," more collective living and work arrangements,
equalization of pay & income, and the end of money and money culture.
The anarchists ask why not these things now. The socialists to them
want to tiptoe into the future. The anarchist clubs contribute to a number of
schools and think-tanks. These have produced a considerable mass of
scholarship in political science, economics, sociology & anthropology, and
psychology, applying these fields to the aim of projecting how anarchist/communist culture & society can form and work. It is of course all very
speculative in nature, and in a unique way mixed with social criticism,
cutting-edge graphics, poetic anti-narrative forms that sometimes perplex
and piss off people. Anarchist economics has produced interesting work in
the fields of money, value and exchange, with the idea of someday creating
a moneyless society. Money is a system of credit that is universally
transferability, they recognize, and they also recognize that a system of
credit is absolutely essential to any sort of economy. The question
is what features are unique to money that make it the corrupting fetish
that it is, and what features of money are necessary, useful and
non-corrupting. Money become a fetish because it is accumulatable,
because you an store it up in the vault, the bank account or the stock
market, and it is for the most part something worth accumulating because
of its universal transferability. Unfortunately its universal
transferability is what makes it so desirable and convenient to society.
The mainstream socialist retort is that money is like so many other human
inventions, such as government, standing armies and prisons, susceptible
to horrid abuses but also useful to good intentions when people work
honestly and ethically, and therefore not inherently bad. Radical
anarchists counter: given the almost magical force of money in capitalist
society, and given how many lives, communities, nations, cultures,
acreage, biomes and species have been destroyed by the pursuit of money,
how can anyone doubt the inherent evil of money? Indeed, how can
anyone doubt the inherent evil in human desire? Anarchist psychology has produced insights
into the operation of Transference, which of course entails an
authoritarian power, matter of concern to anarchists. It has always
kept the focus on doctor and therapist abuses of the patient, . R.D. Laing has been a great hero to this branch of psychology. Anarchist
psychology has encouraged the use of leaderless groups (or with a
temporary leader emerging from the group) as the best way of healing a
wounded psyche, and have held up Alcoholics Anonymous as the best example
of the leaderless group. The radically decentralized society of the
ancient Pasans provides other great examples of leaderless institutions. Anarchist psychologists noted that AA demonstrated certain possible
preconditions for leaderless institutions: (a) the individual has absolute
freedom to join the group or to leave it, (b) each participating
individual shares the same motivation and derives the same benefit from
the group participation, (c) there is a very specific credo and doctrine
and ritual that binds everyone together, (d) there is an informal network
of benignly authoritarian relationships, i.e. the sponsors & the "elders"
present in most AA groups. It has been pointed out that AA does not
produce any sort of product or service, and that therefore AA cannot
provide a workable model for a productive economic enterprise.
In every city and
large town one can find at least one anarchist
club. The clubs (caserei
in Nacateca;
orac in
Minidun.) are the basic
anarchist organization. They all operate by direct democracy (i.e.
full membership voting on all propositions). There are also plenty
of anarchist collectives, both working collective enterprises and
residential cooperative communes. The clubs voluntarily join
together in regional and national federations and conventions. In
the past every club attempted to publish a newspaper or magazine, but over
time this has become a little less feasible, so now the job of sponsoring
anarchist publications has generally fallen to state or county
federations. Many clubs sponsor theater troupes, and they raise
money, entertain and spread the good word with dramatic presentations in
local theaters. In the cities one usually can find several bars &
nightclubs (run by collectives of cooks & waitpersons) affiliated with or
catering to a particular anarchist club-- almost like a clubhouse. Anarchist clubs would never run candidates for office. They think
even all government stinks, even Bergonian government, and won't dirty
their hands with it. Yet they are explicitly political in nearly all
their concerns. Unique among the world's anarchists, they often
attack and sometimes endorse parties and specific candidates according to
degrees of adherence to their program. Moreover, while Anarchist Cubs refrain from the
"electoral charade of power," a great many of their members and supporters
turn out on election day-- pollsters typically find that 2% of the
electorate calls themselves anarchists. The anarchist clubs constitute what's called the "black" tendency in Bergonian
politics: outside the more traditional "red, blue and green" tendencies of
socialists, syndicalists and environmentalists, represented by the three
major political parties. The black has always had a very loose alliance (very, very loose) with
the syndicalist blue, specifically elements within the
Socialist Freedom Party,
the party in favor of decentralization. The black has stalwartly
opposed the socialist red, which it decries as the champion of statism.
This of course relates back to the time during the Revolution when the
Rosists prosecuted the anarchists. The Rosists after the revolution
formed the NDP. In 1964 thirty-six people died in a frightening
series of street fights between anarchist and NDP affiliated political
clubs in Piatalani. Many anarchists accept the deep-ecology critique of modern
industrial-post-industrial institutions, and so have an affinity with the
Green tendency, although another strand of anarchism stands leery of the
Harmony Party's tendency to favor national or bureaucratic solutions to
environmental problems. These are the consistent anarchist demands:
minimal restrictions on individual or communal activity, kind of analogous to conservatives in the US who
carp about government interference with business, especially small
business. In this aspect anarchism has a link to right-wing
libertarianism.
decentralization of all power
Here we find the core commandment of anarchism, which
usefully radiates throughout Bergonian society-- that
authority is inherently bad and burdensome and
must be limited. The core value is liberty of the individual, the
living, organic workers collective and the neighborhood/commune.
They proclaim their chief goal the protection of the individual and the
community-collective against all authoritarianism. Thus they vocally
oppose bureaucratic inflexibility, "stupid rules," and "that's the way
it's always been done" attitudes. The average Bergonian does not
agree with the anarchists on most things, seeing necessity and utility in
a certain level of
discipline and authority, and finds the anarchists rather strident and
impossible, but they end up respecting the anarchists willingness to stand
up against stupidity in authority. Thus their stalwart
antiauthoritarianism buttresses the antiauthoritarian tendencies in the
population as a whole. The anarchists are, after a fashion,
Bergonia's civil libertarians. In Bergonia the equivalent of the ACLU is
the APL, the Anarchist Protectors of Liberty, and they will file lawsuits
and start campaigns whenever government legislates onerous restrictions on
speech, expression, personal conscious, and personal lifestyle. The
APL's emblem is an apple. They are also Bergonia's most important community activists. If a
bureaucrat does something outrageous, if a council proposes stupid or
oppressive rules, or when the national government transgresses against the
prerogatives of local government, they are often the ones who jump to
action. They call the press, demand meetings, conduct "sarcasm and
contempt campaigns," put up signs and hand out leaflets, demonstrate
outside buildings, invade buildings and take over offices. Anarchists made the decisive difference Most modern revolutions have followed the same script, as if all
re-enacting a cosmic drama. Mercea Eliade & Joseph Cambell would
both understand. The drama is typically a great tragedy of hope
betrayed, and in history's course we see the tragedy repeating over and
over.
Act Two:
Act Three:
Act Five: The 1932 Revolution started following this same script,
but something different happened in Act 3, because of the Anarchist
Clubs. This is the story
about how they helped steer the revolution to a good end: The Anarchist Clubs and the Anarcho-syndicalist unions, like the big
majority of leftist groups, joined
the Democratic Front
during the 1920's, and endorsed the 8 Principles.
But they were a minority, and continued disputation with the majority
socialists. They kept threatening to leave to leave the DF.
Indeed the Communist Party (not itself part of the DF) tried to induce the
anarchists to leave. When revolution broke out in 1932, the Anarchists were often the shock
troops on the ground, providing "street muscle" when needed (and sometimes
when not). Unions, especially the anarcho-syndicalist unions, took
over plants, mines and shops, and sent their bosses running. Other
capitalists took their money and abandoned their plants, and again the
unions rushed in to keep them operating. The Anarchist Clubs
contributed their best efforts to these very localized efforts to build
the revolution, and in a very real way they played a major role in
reconstituting the economy of the country. The anarchists also
assisted greatly in creating direct assemblies of workers and
neighborhoods, meeting at least monthly to provide workplace and communal
government without representatives. The radical Rosists and their
Communist allies, according to the script, were supposed to
consolidate their power and eliminate all their leftist competition.
This they attempted during the purges of the spring of 1936. But on
the local level the unions entrenched in the factories and mines together
with the Anarchist Clubs (and their militias) successfully resisted the
Rosist-Communist government. Their resistance was so successful that
finally that the "Radical Regime" collapsed. The Mistrala, the more
moderate socialists (now the SFP), took their place on the national level,
and sat down both with them and with the Anarchist wing of the revolution
to write a constitution. In other words, the Bergonian revolution ended
with a pluralism of leftist groups, instead of one group triumphant. Murray Bookchin wrote about
the "Third Revolution," which is the third stage of revolution that has
never succeeded. The First Revolution is the revolution overthrowing
the old regime by the republicans, which is Act One above. The
Second Revolution is the overthrow of the first moderates by the radicals,
who destroy all remnants of the old ruling class, which is Act Three
above. This is where the Jacobins & Montagnards destroyed the
Girondists. The Third Revolution is where the people, the
"sections," the "sans culottes," the original "soviets" try to organize a
direct democracy. Bookchin observes that in each of the world's
great revolutions the Third Revolution failed. Would he think
that the Third Revolution succeeded in a place like Bergonia? [Rev. Feb 04]
BERGONIA
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